Final answer:
The themes of 'loss of innocence' and 'relationship between civilization and nature' in literature can be developed through character descriptions, actions, internal thoughts, and conflicts, depending on how the author wishes to portray these complex themes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The universal themes of loss of innocence and the relationship between civilization and nature are explored in literature through various means. When analyzing a specific passage, one can ascertain that these themes may be developed through the description of characters, their actions, internal thoughts, and the conflicts they face. For example, in a given text, an author like William Golding might use descriptions to underscore how a character like Ralph differs from another character such as Jack, thereby highlighting the thematic complexity of their evolving understanding of innocence and the savagery or civility of nature. Alternatively, the author might delve into the characters' actions to showcase their struggles with adapting to their new natural environment, or through internal thoughts to reflect on the transformative impact of this experience on their psyche. Conflict, another literary device, can vividly bring out the contrast in characters' perspectives, particularly their views on civilization versus nature.