Final answer:
The Indus Valley civilization was located in modern-day India and Pakistan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modern-day countries where the Indus Valley civilization was located are India and Pakistan.
The Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, flourished around 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE in what is now modern-day India and Pakistan. The major cities of this civilization were located in present-day Pakistan, such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, but the civilization extended into regions of northwestern India as well.
Although the Indus Valley civilization had trade connections with ancient Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and Iran), it was primarily centered in the region of the Indus River and its tributaries in India and Pakistan.
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