Final answer:
Potential energy is highest at the top of a hill, and is converted into kinetic energy as the roller coaster descends. Friction between the roller coaster's wheels and the track slows it down and causes it to stop.
Step-by-step explanation:
Potential Energy
Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or state. A roller coaster's potential energy is highest at the top of a hill, where it has the greatest height. As the roller coaster descends, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. As the roller coaster descends, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. The roller coaster gains speed and its kinetic energy increases. At the bottom of the hill, the roller coaster has maximum kinetic energy.
Friction
Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object. In the case of a roller coaster, friction plays a role in slowing down the coaster. Friction between the roller coaster's wheels and the track causes it to lose kinetic energy, which is why the coaster eventually comes to a stop.
Learn more about Impact of potential, kinetic energy, and friction on a roller coaster