Question

CHAPTER 7: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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CHAPTER 8: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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● Describe the origin of the CNS in an emb
● Identify the different regions of the brain, including the lobes and ventricles.
● Describe the organization of the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex.
● Identify imaging techniques for visualizing the brain.
Know under what conditions each of the 4 major EEG wave patterns are observed.
How is sleep versus wakefulness promoted? What is the typical pattern of sleep?
● Distinguish between specializations of the right versus left cerebral hemispheres.
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Identify the areas of the cerebral cortex involved in speech and language. (Describe the
aphasias that may result due to damage in each of these regions)
Describe the significance of the limbic system.
Describe the brain regions involved in memory.
● Describe the locations and functions of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. What
term is used to refer to all three of these together?
● Identify the structures and functions of the midbrain and hindbrain.
● Describe the structure and function of the reticular activating system.
Know the structure and function of different types of neurons and supporting cells (what are
supporting cells called?)
Describe the myelin sheath: what is its function? How is it formed in the CNS and PNS?
Describe the conditions under which a cut neuron can regenerate.
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Describe the importance of astrocytes in the nervous system.
Explain how an action potential is produced and propagated along an axon.
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How does a voltage gated channel work?
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Which channels are responsible for the different regions on an action potential graph?
O What causes there to be a refractory period?
Understand the meaning of the terms "depolarization", "repolarization", "hyperpolarization".
Describe the structure and function of synapses.
Compare and contract excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (what dictates whether
a potential is excitatory or inhibitory?)
Compare and contrast ligand-gated channels (such as nicotinic ACh receptors) and G-protein-
coupled channels (such as muscarinic ACh receptors).
What does acetylcholinesterase do?
Explain the significance of dopamine as a neurotransmitter (identify two neural pathways in the
brain in which it is used.)
Explain the significance of GABA and glutamate as neurotransmitters in the brain.
Under what circumstances will an EPSP in a dendrite lead to an action potential in an axon?
Explain what is meant by summation at synapses, and what is meant by synaptic plasticity (long-
term potentiation and depression).
BIOL 18 Human Physiology
Study Guide - Exam 3 (Ch 7-9)
(Major concepts in bold)
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CHAPTER 9: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)
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Describe the organization of autonomic motor neurons.
● Describe how neural regulation of smooth and cardiac muscles differs from neural regulation of
skeletal muscles.
Describe the structure and innervation pathways of the sympathetic versus parasympathetic
divisions of the ANS.
Merced College
E. Reed
Describe the sensory and motor pathways to and from the cerebral hemispheres. (Spinal cord
tracts; understand general naming conventions)
Describe the neural pathway of a reflex arc.
Which nerve provides innervation to most of the thoracic and abdominal organs?
Which division (sympathetic or parasympathetic) promotes "fight or flight" responses? Which
promotes "rest and digest" functions?
Which division (sympathetic or parasympathetic) utilizes chain ganglia? What does this enable?
Identify the neurotransmitters used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Describe the possible effects of adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation on different organs.
Give examples of antagonistic, cooperative, and complementary actions of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system or two components of The nervous system basically in the central nervous system in compromises of brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system are nerves which lie outside the brain and spinal cord when we look at this question we could see that there are different parts to the Brain the four brain midbrain and the Hind brain the four brain can be divided into four main parts which is divided by the longitudinal fisher which is the most prominent pattern the lobes of present in our cerebrum and it has 4 major parts we have front Allo parietal lobe parital lobe hospital lobe and temporal lobe and then we have the next question. sorry components of the reflex arc are the stimulus receptor sensory neurone inter neurone motor neurone and a factor which is connected to the muscle and the gland. so when the electrical impulses reaches the gland or the muscles some arrangement in the proteins and fibres must take place so the proteins which are present in our muscle is known as the myosin as well as actin and when the electrical impulse reaches the muscle the muscle fibres have some change in the shape which is internally regulated by the muscle proteins and it makes different arrangement in a way that the contraction and relaxation of muscles happen and hands that how we regulate the muscle to any stimulus.