Final answer:
Evaporation is the process of liquid water changing into water vapor. Most earthquakes and volcanic activity occur in the mantle layer of the Earth. The biosphere refers to all living organisms and their interactions with their environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
38. The term for the process by which liquid water changes into water vapor is evaporation. It occurs when heat energy causes the molecules of water to gain enough energy to transform into gas.
39. Most of the Earth's earthquakes and volcanic activity occur in the mantle, which is the layer of the Earth between the crust and the outer core.
40. The biosphere on Earth refers to all living organisms and their interactions with their environments. It includes all ecosystems and the ecological relationships between organisms and their environments.
41. The oldest recognized geological era is the Paleozoic era.
42. The era often referred to as the "Age of Dinosaurs" is the Mesozoic era.
43. The supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic era is called Pangaea.
44. The event that marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods and resulted in the mass extinction of dinosaurs is the Chicxulub impact.
45. The largest mass extinction event in Earth's history is the Permian-Triassic extinction.
46. The type of rocks that form from the cooling and solidification of molten material beneath the Earth's surface are igneous rocks.
47. The concept of "uniformitarianism" in geology suggests that geological processes have always occurred at a uniform rate.
48. A unit of geological time that is smaller than an era but larger than a period is called an epoch.
49. The geologic eon that we are currently in is called the Phanerozoic eon.
50. The geologic principle that states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the youngest rocks are at the top and the oldest rocks are at the bottom is called superposition.
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