The composition of the middle class has evolved over time and varies from one historical period to another. It's important to note that the middle class is not a static or homogenous group, and its definition can differ depending on the specific historical and cultural context. Here are some examples of who constituted the middle class in different historical periods:
Medieval Europe: In medieval Europe, the middle class included merchants, skilled artisans, professionals (like lawyers and doctors), and small landowners. They were often referred to as the bourgeoisie and occupied a position between the aristocracy (nobility) and the peasantry (commoners).
Industrial Revolution: During the Industrial Revolution, the middle class expanded with the growth of industrialization. Factory owners, managers, and skilled factory workers were part of the middle class. This period also saw the emergence of a new professional middle class, including engineers, accountants, and office workers.
Post-World War II: In the mid-20th century, the middle class in many Western countries grew significantly. It included not only professionals but also white-collar workers in various industries, as well as teachers, nurses, and government employees. This era marked the rise of the suburban middle class with homeownership and a focus on education.
Contemporary Times: In modern times, the middle class remains diverse and includes a wide range of occupations. It encompasses teachers, engineers, small business owners, IT professionals, healthcare workers, and more. The definition of middle class can also include a certain income range, but this varies by country and region.
It's important to recognize that the middle class is not solely defined by occupation or income. It often reflects a certain level of education, social status, and lifestyle. The specific composition and characteristics of the middle class can vary significantly from one country to another, depending on economic, cultural, and social factors.