1. Electrolyte imbalances: Frequent vomiting can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium (hypokalemia), low sodium (hyponatremia), and low chloride levels. These imbalances can cause muscle cramping and weakness.
2. Metabolic disturbances: Vomiting can disrupt the body's acid-base balance, leading to metabolic alkalosis. This is characterized by elevated bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels and compensatory decreases in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.
3. Dehydration markers: Blood tests may reveal markers of dehydration, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. These indicate reduced kidney function due to reduced blood volume.
4. Complete blood count (CBC): In cases of prolonged vomiting, a CBC may show an elevation in hematocrit levels due to hemoconcentration. This can occur as a result of fluid loss and dehydration.
5. Liver function tests: Prolonged vomiting can cause stress on the liver. Thus, liver function tests, including liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), may be ordered to assess liver health.