Final answer:
The most important economic consequence of the Compromise of 1850 for Texas was the payment of the state's public debt in return for Texas's surrender of its claims to New Mexico.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most important economic consequence of the Compromise of 1850 for Texas was the payment of the state's public debt in return for Texas's surrender of its claims to New Mexico. As part of the Compromise, Texas agreed to give up its claims to New Mexico in exchange for the federal government assuming its debt. This had a significant impact on Texas's economy by relieving the state of a substantial financial burden. The other options mentioned, such as the extension of the slave trade into New Mexico, the building of a railroad from Dallas to Houston, and the federal funding to build the Port of Houston, were not directly related to the economic consequences of the Compromise for Texas.
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