Final answer:
Galileo Galilei made key observations that formed the basis for modern physics and astronomy. He is acknowledged as the father of modern experimental physics and telescopic astronomy due to his ground-breaking work in observing celestial bodies and his extensive contributions to these fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person who made observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy is Galileo Galilei. Born in Pisa, Galileo was a mathematician who laid the foundation of modern experimentation and contributed significantly to physics, and astronomy.
He studied the acceleration of moving objects and made telescopic observations, discovering the nature of the Milky Way, the features of the Moon, the phases of Venus, and four moons of Jupiter. Galileo's observations and writings convinced most of his scientific contemporaries of the reality of the Copernican theory.
He is credited as the father of modern experimental physics and telescopic astronomy. Some of his notable undertakings include studying the acceleration of moving objects and commencing telescopic observations in 1610, which led to him discovering the nature of the Milky Way, large-scale features of the Moon, phases of Venus, and four moons of Jupiter. Despite facing accusations of heresy for supporting heliocentric cosmology, his observations and impressive writings convinced most of his scientific contemporaries of the reality of the Copernican theory.
Learn more about Galileo Galilei