Final answer:
Socrates believed in critical thinking and questioning, Plato focused on the metaphysical realm of forms, and Aristotle emphasized empirical observation and scientific inquiry.
Step-by-step explanation:
a) Socrates' key beliefs and teachings: Socrates believed in seeking truth through rational dialogue and questioning. He emphasized critical thinking and the examination of one's own beliefs.
b) Plato's key beliefs and teachings: Plato believed in the existence of a higher reality of eternal and unchanging forms. He argued that knowledge is innate and that philosophers should rule society.
c) Aristotle's key beliefs and teachings: Aristotle focused on the study of the physical world and believed in the importance of empirical observation and scientific inquiry. He developed theories on ethics, logic, and metaphysics.
d) Differences between Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: Socrates laid the foundations for philosophy through questioning and critical thinking. Plato expanded on Socrates' ideas and developed a metaphysical theory of forms. Aristotle focused on the empirical investigation of the natural world and developed his own philosophical theories.
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