Step-by-step explanation:
To analyze the factors mentioned and their impact on the rise or fall of Ghana, it is important to clarify that there were multiple historical periods of Ghana, also known as the Ghana Empire, including the Ancient Ghana Empire (4th to 11th century) and the Medieval Ghana Empire (c. 11th to 13th century). I will assume that the factors mentioned are referring to the Medieval Ghana Empire.
1. Invasion of Ghana: This factor would contribute to the fall of Ghana. The empire faced invasions from various external forces, including the Almoravids, who were a Berber Muslim dynasty. The Almoravids conquered and weakened Ghana, leading to its decline.
2. Limiting gold mining activities: This factor would contribute to the fall of Ghana. Gold mining was a significant economic activity in Ghana, and if it was limited or disrupted, it would have had a negative impact on the empire's wealth and prosperity.
3. Losing control of the gold-salt trade: This factor would contribute to the fall of Ghana. The gold-salt trade was a vital source of wealth and power for Ghana. If the empire lost control over this trade or faced disruptions, it would have weakened its economic and political position.
4. Gold deposits on land near the Niger River: This factor would contribute to the rise of Ghana. Access to gold deposits would have provided Ghana with a valuable resource for trade and economic growth. It would have increased the empire's wealth and influence.
5. Trade of gold and kola nuts: This factor would contribute to the rise of Ghana. The trade of gold and kola nuts, which were native to the region, would have been sources of wealth and helped Ghana establish economic connections with other regions.
6. Taxing the gold-salt trade route: This factor would contribute to the rise of Ghana. By taxing the gold-salt trade route, Ghana could have generated revenue and accumulated wealth. It would have also solidified the empire's control over the trade network and enhanced its economic and political power.
In summary, factors such as the invasion of Ghana and the loss of control over the gold-salt trade would have contributed to the decline of the empire. On the other hand, factors such as access to gold deposits, trade in gold and kola nuts, and taxing the trade routes would have contributed to the rise and prosperity of Ghana.