Pacal the Great's impact on the Maya civilization encompassed expansion, religious influence, and contributions to innovation in art and architecture, making option D, "All of the above," the correct answer.
Pacal the Great, also known as K'inich Janaab' Pakal, was a significant ruler of the Maya civilization during the Classic period (around 603-683 AD). His reign had a profound impact on various aspects of Maya society, and all of the options mentioned (Expansion, Religion, and Innovation) were influenced by his rule:
A) Expansion: Pacal the Great oversaw the expansion of the Maya city-state of Palenque, both in terms of its territory and its influence over neighboring regions. He engaged in military campaigns and alliances, which expanded the reach of Palenque's power.
B) Religion: Pacal the Great is perhaps most famous for his tomb, found within the Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque. The elaborate and well-preserved tomb is a testament to Maya religious beliefs and practices. It contains detailed inscriptions and artwork that provide valuable insights into Maya cosmology and religion.
C) Innovation: Under Pacal's rule, there were advancements in Maya art, architecture, and glyph writing. The city of Palenque saw significant construction projects, including the construction of impressive temples and palaces. Pacal's reign was marked by artistic and architectural innovation, which contributed to the flourishing of Maya culture.
Therefore, Pacal the Great's impact on the Maya civilization encompassed expansion, religious influence, and contributions to innovation in art and architecture, making option D, "All of the above," the correct answer.