Answer:
In summary, sodium is a highly reactive metal that readily forms ions by losing its valence electron. It is known for its reactivity, especially with water, and has several practical applications in various industries. Proper handling and storage of sodium are crucial due to its extreme reactivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sodium, a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11, is a highly reactive metal. Its method of operation or behavior can be described as follows:
1. Reactivity: Sodium is highly reactive, especially with water. When exposed to water, sodium undergoes a vigorous and exothermic chemical reaction, producing hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. This reaction can be so intense that it may cause the sodium to explode.
2. Alkali Metal: Sodium is part of the alkali metal group in the periodic table, along with other elements like lithium (Li) and potassium (K). Alkali metals are known for their reactivity and tendency to form ionic compounds.
3. Electron Configuration: Sodium has an electron configuration of 2-8-1, meaning it has one valence electron in its outermost energy level. This lone electron makes sodium highly likely to lose it to achieve a stable, entire valence shell.
4. Formation of Sodium Ions: In its chemical behavior, sodium typically loses its single valence electron to form a sodium ion (Na+). This ion is stable and has a full outer electron shell, similar to the electron configuration of noble gases like neon (Ne).
5. Applications: Sodium and its compounds have various practical applications, including their use in the production of sodium chloride (table salt), sodium hydroxide (lye), and sodium carbonate (soda ash). Sodium vapor lamps are also used in street lighting.
6. Reactivity with Air: Sodium is highly reactive with oxygen, forming sodium oxide (Na2O) and sodium peroxide (Na2O2) when exposed to oxygen. It must be stored under oil or in an inert atmosphere to prevent rapid oxidation.
7. Metallurgical Processes: Sodium can be used as a reducing agent in metallurgical processes to extract certain metals from their ores.