Answer:
1. Egyptian civilization was located in the northeast corner of Africa, along the banks of the Nile River. The geography of Egypt played a crucial role in its development. The Nile River provided a water source for irrigation and transportation, allowing for the growth of agriculture and trade development. The surrounding deserts and the Mediterranean Sea acted as natural barriers, protecting Egypt from invasion and outside influence. These natural barriers allowed for preserving ancient Egyptian culture and society for thousands of years. Therefore, natural barriers such as deserts, mountains, or oceans can significantly affect a civilization by shaping its development and protecting it from outside influences.
2. Ancient Egypt had a monarchy system of government where the pharaoh was the supreme ruler. The duties of scribes in ancient Egypt varied depending on their level of expertise. Still, they were generally responsible for recording and maintaining vital records, such as tax records, legal documents, and religious texts. They also played a crucial role in the administration of the government and the economy, as they were responsible for managing the distribution of resources and overseeing the work of other officials.
3. The belief in gods played a crucial role in Egyptian society. Egyptians believed that their gods controlled every aspect of their lives, including the Nile River, the weather, and the success of their crops. They believed that by pleasing the gods through offerings and worship, they would ensure their prosperity and protection. The Pharaoh considered a god on earth, was responsible for maintaining the correct relationship between the gods and the people. Additionally, the construction of temples and the creation of intricate burial rituals were a testament to the importance of religion in ancient Egyptian society.
4. The ancient Egyptians made many important discoveries and innovations that have impacted the world. Some of these include Hieroglyphics: The Egyptians developed a system of writing known as hieroglyphics, which was used for more than 3,000 years. This writing system allowed them to record their history, communicate with each other, and keep track of their affairs. Medicine: The ancient Egyptians were skilled in herbs and other remedies and developed many medical techniques and practices that are still used today. For example, they were the first to use splints for broken bones and to perform surgeries. Architecture: The Egyptians built some of the most impressive structures in the world, including the pyramids, temples, and palaces. Their architectural innovations have influenced the design of buildings for thousands of years. Astronomy: The Egyptians were skilled astronomers, and they developed a calendar based on the movements of the stars. The Greeks and Romans later adopted this calendar. Mathematics: The Egyptians developed a sophisticated system of mathematics, including algebra and geometry. The Greeks and other civilizations later picked up these mathematical concepts.
With absolute authority5. The Indus Valley and Egyptian societies had a hierarchical social structure, with a ruling class at the top and a peasant class at the bottom. In the Indus Valley civilization, the social structure was divided into four main classes - the ruling class, the priestly class, the merchant class, and the peasant class—the ruling class comprised kings and nobles, who held the most power. The priestly class was responsible for performing religious ceremonies and rituals, while the merchant class engaged in trade and commerce. The peasant class constituted the largest segment of society and was responsible for farming and other manual labour.
Similarly, in ancient Egypt, the social structure was also hierarchical, with the Pharaoh at the top, followed by the ruling class, the priests, the scribes, and the peasants. The Pharaoh was regarded as a divine ruler, and his authority was absolute. The ruling class comprised high-ranking officials and nobles, while the priests were responsible for religious duties. The scribes were essential in maintaining records and keeping track of the state's affairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hope this Helps