Answer:
The three main components of a neuron, which are the dendrites, cell body (soma), and axon, have distinct functions:
1. Dendrites: Dendrites are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. They act like antennas, collecting information from neighboring neurons or sensory receptors. The signals received at the dendrites are typically chemical signals in the form of neurotransmitters.
2. Cell Body (Soma): The cell body, or soma, is the central part of the neuron. It integrates the signals received from the dendrites. If the sum of these signals reaches a certain threshold, the cell body generates an electrical impulse, known as an action potential. The cell body also contains the nucleus, which houses the neuron's genetic information.
3. Axon: The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits the electrical impulses, generated at the cell body, away from the neuron. These impulses, in the form of action potentials, travel down the axon and are typically insulated by a myelin sheath, which increases the speed of signal transmission. At the end of the axon, it branches out into axon terminals, where it communicates with other neurons or target cells through the release of neurotransmitters.
In summary, dendrites receive signals, the cell body integrates these signals, and the axon transmits the integrated signals to other neurons or target cells, allowing for the communication and coordination of information within the nervous system.