Final answer:
The continent referred to in the question that colonized nearly 90% of Africa is Europe. During the Second Industrial Revolution, a period known as the 'Scramble for Africa', Europe expanded its control over Africa through colonization, aiming to access new markets and resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
The continent referred to in the question, 'The countries of this continent colonized almost 90% of Africa,' is c) Europe. During the Second Industrial Revolution, European countries seized control of about 90% of the African continent. This period of aggressive colonization is often referred to as the 'Scramble for Africa', where countries like Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Portugal, and Spain either established new colonies or expanded existing ones across Africa.
The 'Scramble for Africa' was most prominently observed during the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, where the European nations, without any participation from the African states, partitioned large chunks of the African continent among themselves. While the dominant motivations were largely economic, access to newer markets, military dominance, and enhancement of national pride, it also held a 'civilizing mission,' with the claim of introducing perceived benefits of progress, such as hospitals and schools.
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