Protein: Protein is crucial for repairing tissues and promoting growth. Sources of protein include lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and plant-based options like legumes, nuts, and seeds.
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide energy. Include whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread, oats, and quinoa. These provide not only energy but also essential nutrients and fiber.
Healthy Fats: Include sources of healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. Fats are important for energy, absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, and supporting overall health.
Fruits and Vegetables: A variety of fruits and vegetables will provide essential vitamins and minerals. These foods are rich in fiber and antioxidants, which support overall health.
Dairy or Dairy Alternatives: If the individual can tolerate dairy, include sources like milk, yogurt, and cheese, which are good sources of protein and calcium. For those with lactose intolerance or dairy allergies, there are many plant-based milk alternatives like almond milk, soy milk, or coconut milk.
Supplements: In severe cases of PEM, supplements may be necessary to provide essential nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals. These should be prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Frequent Small Meals: People with PEM may struggle with large meals. It may be more comfortable for them to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day.Hydration: Ensure adequate hydration with water, clear broths, and other non-caffeinated, non-alcoholic beverages.