Final answer:
Humans have 46 chromosomes, comprising of 23 pairs. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes during reproduction, resulting in immense variation and influences the physical characteristics of the resulting individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
Each human has 46 chromosomes, which are made up of 23 pairs: one set of chromosomes is inherited from the mother and the other from the father, totalling to 46. This means we receive 23 chromosomes from each parent. These chromosomes contain genes, defined as sequences of DNA that code for functional products. These genes are responsible for determining the genotype and phenotype of the individual.
In human gametic or sex cells, such as sperm and eggs, only one set of chromosomes (23) is present, making them haploid. Fusion of these gametes during fertilization restores the 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) and contributes to the genetic makeup or genotype of the offspring. The combination of genetic material from each parent in the form of chromosomes influences the phenotype, or physical characteristics, of the resulting individual.
Learn more about Human Chromosomes