Answer:
Five factors that contribute to the formation of soil are:
Parent Material: The original material from which soil is derived, such as rock or sediment, influences the chemical and physical properties of the soil.
Climate: Temperature, rainfall, and weather patterns affect the rate of weathering and decomposition, influencing soil formation processes.
Topography: The shape and slope of the land impact water drainage, erosion, and deposition, which in turn affect soil formation.
Organisms: Living organisms like plants, animals, and microorganisms play a crucial role in soil formation through their interactions with the soil, contributing organic matter and influencing nutrient cycling.
Time: Soil formation is a gradual process that takes place over extended periods. The length of time influences the degree of weathering, development of soil horizons, and overall soil maturity.