Answer:Besides weathering and erosion, there are several other forces that shape the Earth's features. These forces include: 1. Tectonic forces: Tectonic forces are responsible for the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, which leads to the formation of mountains, valleys, and other landforms. When two plates collide, it can result in the formation of fold mountains, such as the Himalayas. When two plates move apart, it can lead to the creation of rift valleys, like the East African Rift Valley. 2. Volcanic activity: Volcanic eruptions can shape the Earth's features by depositing lava and volcanic ash, creating new landforms such as volcanoes, lava flows, and volcanic cones. Over time, volcanic activity can also lead to the formation of volcanic islands and underwater seamounts. 3. Glacial action: Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion and can shape the landscape by carving out valleys, creating U-shaped valleys, and leaving behind moraines and other glacial landforms. For example, the Great Lakes in North America were formed by glacial activity during the last Ice Age. 4. River and stream erosion: Rivers and streams erode the land over time by carrying sediments and wearing away the surrounding rocks and soil. This erosion can lead to the formation of river valleys, canyons, and waterfalls. The Grand Canyon in the United States is a stunning example of the power of river erosion. 5. Coastal processes: The actions of waves, tides, and currents along coastlines can shape the Earth's features. For instance, wave erosion can create sea cliffs and sea caves, while deposition can form sandy beaches and barrier islands. Landforms like spits, lagoons, and deltas are also influenced by coastal processes. These are just a few examples of the forces that shape the Earth's features. Each force operates over different timescales and can interact with one another, resulting in a variety of landforms and geological features across the planet.
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