Answer: Here is my response to your questions:
The chart below shows the development of Western musical notation by describing which elements of music were represented by each type of notation.
Type of notation Elements of music represented
Neumes Melodic shape, relative pitch, direction of movement
Staff notation Exact pitch, duration, meter, clef, key signature, accidentals
Mensural notation Rhythm, time signature, note values, rests
Tablature Fingering, tuning, position, chords
Modern notation Dynamics, articulation, expression, tempo
The medieval music styles of motet and madrigal are both forms of polyphonic vocal music that emerged in different regions and periods. Motets originated in the 13th century in France and were primarily sacred compositions with religious texts. They often featured multiple voices singing different texts simultaneously, creating a complex and layered texture. Motets also often incorporated a cantus firmus, a pre-existing melody that served as the basis for the other voices. Madrigals originated in the 14th century in Italy and were primarily secular compositions with poetic texts. They often explored themes of love, nature, and human emotions, showcasing the expressive capabilities of the human voice. Madrigals also often featured word painting, where the music reflected the meaning of the text. For example, if the lyrics described a bird’s flight, the music might incorporate melodic lines that soar and flutter, mimicking the bird’s movement.