Final answer:
New England opposed the federally constructed roads of the American System mainly due to potential population drain to the West, which could lead to a decline in economic and political influence. Additionally, maritime transportation was a vital part of New England's economy. Lastly, political issues relating to the focus of national resources also played a part in their opposition.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reason New England tended to oppose the federally constructed roads, part of the American System, was mainly due to the potential for population drain to the West (option D). Much of New England's economy was built upon its dense, urban population, including commerce, manufacturing, and trade. The construction of these roads and the subsequent westward expansion could potentially drain away the needed population in New England, leading to a reduction in both economic and political influence.
Furthermore, New England had a robust maritime industry and up until the transportation revolution was heavily dependent on maritime commerce. In this context, New England could view canals as a superior means of transportation (option C) because they supported and enhanced maritime activities more directly compared to roads.
Also, some political interests played a part. Many New Englanders, especially adherents of the Federalist Party (as mentioned in Chapter 8), preferred to focus on regional, urban, and mercantile interests and might have viewed road construction channeling resources towards the West as detracting from those interests.
Learn more about New England's Opposition to Federal Roads