Step-by-step explanation:
Outside of the Aztec and Inca empires, various Native American groups across the Americas had diverse economic forms that were shaped by their environments, resources, and cultural practices. Here are some characteristic economic forms of American groups outside of the two great imperial territories:
1. Hunter-Gatherers: Many Native American groups in different regions practiced a hunting and gathering lifestyle. They relied on hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants, fruits, and nuts as their primary means of subsistence. These groups often lived in small, mobile bands and moved seasonally to follow animal migrations or the availability of resources.
2. Horticulture and Agriculture: Several Native American groups engaged in horticulture and agriculture. They cultivated crops such as maize (corn), beans, squash, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and various other crops suited to their specific environments. These agricultural practices varied from simple slash-and-burn techniques to more complex systems of terracing and irrigation.
3. Fishing and Coastal Resources: Native American groups living in coastal regions or near rivers and lakes often relied heavily on fishing and gathering aquatic resources. They utilized various fishing techniques, including nets, traps, and spears, to catch fish, shellfish, and other aquatic species. Coastal groups also gathered seaweed, shellfish, and other marine resources.
4. Trade and Exchange: Trade and exchange networks were significant economic activities among Native American groups. They engaged in long-distance trade, exchanging goods such as shells, obsidian, pottery, textiles, and other items between different regions. This trade facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices among diverse Native American societies.
5. Craftsmanship and Artistry: Many Native American groups developed exceptional craftsmanship and artistry. They created intricate pottery, textiles, baskets, beadwork, carvings, and other artistic and utilitarian items. These crafts were often traded or used for ceremonial and cultural purposes.
6. Nomadic Herding: Some Native American groups in the North American Great Plains and other regions practiced nomadic herding. They relied on the hunting and herding of large game animals such as bison or caribou. These groups moved seasonally to follow the herds, utilizing all parts of the animals for food, clothing, shelter, and other materials.
It's important to note that the economic forms and practices varied greatly among different Native American tribes and regions. The diverse environments and cultural traditions of the Native American groups across the Americas led to a wide range of economic strategies and adaptations to their specific circumstances.