Final answer:
Ionization energy and electron affinity increase from top to bottom in a family of the periodic table due to the increase in energy shells. Moving from left to right across a period, ionization energy and electron affinity also increase due to the decrease in atomic radius and increase in effective nuclear charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ionization energy and electron affinity involve more energy from top to bottom in a family of the periodic table. This is because as you move down a group, the number of energy shells increases, making it easier to remove an electron. On the other hand, as you move from left to right across a period, the atomic radius decreases and the effective nuclear charge increases, making it more difficult to remove an electron.
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