When feet turn out excessively, it can be an indication of certain muscle imbalances or weaknesses. The following muscles are typically underactive or weak in individuals with excessive feet turn out:
1. Gluteus Medius: The gluteus medius is a hip muscle responsible for stabilizing the pelvis and maintaining proper alignment of the lower body. Weakness in this muscle can contribute to excessive foot pronation (turning out) as it fails to provide adequate support and control.
2. External Rotators of the Hip: Muscles such as the deep external rotators of the hip (e.g., piriformis, gemellus muscles) and the lateral rotators (e.g., gluteus maximus) help control and maintain proper hip and leg alignment. Weakness in these muscles can lead to compensation patterns that result in excessive foot turn out.
3. Tibialis Posterior: The tibialis posterior is a muscle located in the calf that plays a role in controlling foot pronation. Weakness in this muscle can contribute to excessive foot turn out as it fails to provide sufficient support to maintain a neutral foot position.
4. Intrinsic Foot Muscles: The intrinsic foot muscles, including the muscles of the arch (e.g., abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis), are responsible for maintaining proper foot alignment and stability. Weakness or lack of activation in these muscles can contribute to excessive foot pronation and turning out.
Addressing these muscle weaknesses through targeted strengthening exercises, such as hip abduction exercises, external rotation exercises, calf raises, and exercises targeting the intrinsic foot muscles, can help improve foot alignment and reduce excessive turn out. Consulting with a healthcare professional or a qualified physical therapist can provide a more accurate assessment of muscle imbalances and appropriate exercises for addressing them.