Answer: there are approximately 16.67 grams of sodium in a 119-g sample of the substance.
Explanation: Calculate the total mass of the substance:
Total mass of the substance = 23.0 g (sodium) + 27.0 g (aluminum) + 114 g (fluorine)
Total mass of the substance = 164.0 g
Calculate the percent composition of sodium:
Percent composition of sodium = (Mass of sodium / Total mass of the substance) × 100
Percent composition of sodium = (23.0 g / 164.0 g) × 100 ≈ 14.02%
Apply the percent composition to the 119-g sample to find the grams of sodium:
Grams of sodium in a 119-g sample = Percent composition of sodium × Mass of the 119-g sample
Grams of sodium in a 119-g sample ≈ 14.02% × 119 g ≈ 16.67 g (rounded to two decimal places)