Answer: To convert 100 grams of solid ice at 0°C to gaseous steam at 100°C, we need to consider three steps: melting the ice, heating the water, and vaporizing the water. The energy required for each step is given by:
Melting the ice: q1 = mΔHfus = 100 g × 334 J/g = 33,400 J.
Heating the water: q2 = mcΔT = 100 g × 4.184 J/g°C × (100°C - 0°C) = 41,800 J.
Vaporizing the water: q3 = mΔHvap = 100 g × 2260 J/g = 226,000 J.
The total energy required to convert 100 grams of solid ice at 0°C to gaseous steam at 100°C is the sum of these three steps:
q_total = q1 + q2 + q3 = 33,400 J + 41,800 J + 226,000 J = 301,200 J or 301.2 k.
Therefore, it requires approximately 301.2 kJ or 301,200 J of energy to change 100 grams of solid ice at 0°C to gaseous steam at 100°C.