Final answer:
Pre-writing includes gathering research/evidence, determining an intended audience and purpose, and using invention strategies to develop a topic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pre-writing includes gathering research/evidence, determining an intended audience and purpose, and using invention strategies to develop a topic. These activities help in organizing thoughts, generating ideas, and creating a plan before actually writing. Gathering research/evidence involves finding reliable sources of information to support your ideas, determining an intended audience and purpose helps in tailoring the writing to the needs and expectations of the readers, and using invention strategies like brainstorming and mind mapping helps in generating and organizing ideas.
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