Final answer:
Miscarriages and stillbirths can occur even with good prenatal care and are not solely caused by substance abuse or ectopic pregnancies. Many factors such as genetics, environment, and certain medical conditions can also result in these pregnancy outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the question about miscarriage and stillbirth, it is important to know that these unfortunate outcomes a. can occur even when the pregnant individual gets good prenatal care. Prenatal care is important, but it does not guarantee the prevention of complications such as miscarriages or stillbirths. Factors such as genetic and environmental ones can also influence these outcomes.
Answer b. is not accurate as these incidents do not always indicate that the pregnant individual used drugs or alcohol during pregnancy. While substance abuse can increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths, other factors like certain medical conditions or genetic factors can also lead to these outcomes. This means c., which suggests that avoiding illegal substances fully prevents miscarriages or stillbirths, is also incorrect. Even those who abstain from such substances can face these outcomes due to various other reasons.
Regarding d. which states that miscarriages and stillbirths are results of ectopic pregnancies, it should be noted that while ectopic pregnancies can lead to miscarriages, not all miscarriages or stillbirths are a result of ectopic pregnancies. In an ectopic pregnancy, the embryo implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube, which can lead to medical complications.
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