Final answer:
The gain of the waveforms can be calculated as half of the amplitude of the original wave. The phase difference can be computed by comparing the path lengths and frequencies of the two waves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The waveforms represented by the given figures correspond to two waves with identical amplitudes, wavelengths, and frequency. However, these waves differ in terms of a phase shift. The gain, mathematically then, can be calculated using the equation Ar = 1/2 A. Here, A is the amplitude of original wave and Ar is the amplitude of resultant wave.The phase difference, on the other hand, determines how much one wave is shifted with respect to another wave. For this, the phase difference between these two waves can be calculated by examining the path lengths travelled by each wave and the frequency of each wave. Once we have the phase difference, we can compute the gain by comparing the amplitude of the original wave to the amplitude of the resultant wave.
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