Final answer:
The biogeochemical cycles that recycle nutrients found in soil and rock include the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. They involve the cycling of nutrients through all components of the biosphere including organisms and their nonliving environment. Major processes such as erosion, water drainage, weathering, and plate movements facilitate this recycling.
Step-by-step explanation:
The group of biogeochemical cycles that recycle nutrients found in soil and rock are mainly the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. In these cycles, nutrients are cycled through the biosphere between organisms and their nonliving environment, including soil and rock. The elements associated with organic molecules such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur may exist for long periods in different forms in the atmosphere, on land in water, or beneath earth's surface.
Processes such as erosion, water drainage, the movement of the continental plates, and weathering are involved in the cycling of these elements on Earth. For instance, in the nitrogen cycle, some nitrogen falls to the ocean floor as sediment, and over geologic time can be moved to land and incorporated into terrestrial rock. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria and archaea, play key roles in these cycles and most frequently interconvert oxidized versions of molecules with reduced ones.
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