Question

Recently the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: A) effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine. B) excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia. C) atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors. D) those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.

Answer 1

The dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged by the discovery that new drugs indicate involvement of serotonin as well as dopamine in the disorder, aligning with option A from the multiple-choice question.

Step-by-step explanation:

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged by the discovery that effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity involves not just dopamine but also serotonin. This discovery aligns with option A) effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine. Antipsychotic medications, which are the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia, function by blocking dopamine receptors to reduce dopamine's effects, which has been shown to alleviate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

The traditional dopamine hypothesis posits that too much dopamine causes many symptoms of schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotic drugs, different from the first generation of antipsychotics, often have a broader spectrum of action, including impacts on serotonin systems. These drugs help to further refine the understanding of schizophrenia's neurochemical basis, increasingly pointing to a multifactorial neurotransmitter imbalance rather than a singular cause. The implications of these findings are significant for the development of future treatment options, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced approach to neurological and psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia.

Answer 2

B

Step-by-step explanation:

Let's break down the options you provided:

A) Effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin as well as dopamine.

B) Excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia.

C) Atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors.

D) Those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs.

In summary, option B is the most accurate in reflecting the evolving understanding of schizophrenia, where excessive dopamine activity may contribute to some types of schizophrenia, but not necessarily all. The role of other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, is also recognized in the development of the disorder.