Final answer:
A supersaturated solution contains more solute than a saturated solution does at a given temperature. This is an unstable state where the solute concentration surpasses the point of saturation due to carefully controlled conditions. Precipitation of the excess solute can occur under certain triggers, allowing the supersaturated solution to return to its saturated state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature is known as a supersaturated solution. In other words, a supersaturated solution consists of more solute than the solvent can typically dissolve under normal temperature conditions. The resulting solution exceeds its solubility, creating an unstable or non-equilibrium condition.
A saturated solution is one in which the solvent has dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a particular temperature. Beyond this point, adding any more solute will result in it remaining undissolved. In a supersaturated solution, however, the solute concentration surpasses the point of saturation and is kept from precipitating, often by carefully controlled conditions, such as preventing disturbance and any contact with dust or other foreign particles.
An example of this can be seen in certain hand warmers, where the solution inside is supersaturated. Precipitation of the excess solute can be initiated by adding a seed crystal or by mechanically agitating the solution, releasing the stored heat.
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