Answer:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP): TPP is derived from vitamin B1 (thiamine) and is a cofactor that plays a crucial role in the enzymatic reactions of BCKD.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD is derived from vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and serves as a cofactor in the BCKD complex.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+): NAD+ is derived from vitamin B3 (niacin) and is involved in redox reactions within the BCKD complex.
Coenzyme A (CoA): CoA is derived from pantothenic acid, which is part of vitamin B5. CoA is essential for carrying and transferring acetyl groups during the BCAAs' breakdown.
Lipoamide: Lipoamide is a coenzyme derived from lipoic acid, which is not typically considered one of the B vitamins. Lipoamide is important for transferring acyl groups within the BCKD complex.
Step-by-step explanation: