Final answer:
The Plebian Assembly was the plebeian assembly that gained the power to pass laws for all people of Rome, regardless of social class. They elected tribunes who had the power to veto harmful actions. The Twelve Tables, established in 450 BCE, were the first written laws in Rome, accessible to all citizens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The plebeian assembly that gained the power to pass laws binding on all the people of Rome, regardless of their social class, was the Plebian Assembly. This assembly, active after 450 BCE, was a crucial part of the political structure of the Roman Republic. It was composed of plebeians, or common people, who were divided into thirty-five regional tribes, each with a single vote. Annually, the Plebian Assembly elected ten officials known as tribunes, who had the power to veto any action they deemed harmful to the plebeians. This power significantly checked the influence of patrician officials.
Complementing the Plebian Assembly were two other significant assemblies - the Tribal Assembly and the Centuriate Assembly. Both plebeians and patricians could attend these assemblies. The Tribal Assembly elected the Quaestors, while the Centuriate Assembly declared wars and controlled foreign policy. Notably, wealthier citizens had more votes in the Centuriate Assembly as they could contribute more towards the military.
Over time, there was a constant struggle for equality before the law between the plebeians and the patricians known as the Struggle of the Orders. An important milestone in this struggle was the establishment of the Twelve Tables in 450 BCE, marking the first time Rome's laws were written down and made accessible to all citizens.
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