Final answer:
Roman Emperor Trajan's victory in the First Dacian War is commemorated in the Column of Trajan, which features an intricate depiction of the submission of the Dacians. This victory was part of larger Roman expansion efforts, which also led to internal social, economic, and political challenges and initiated the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Column of Trajan commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the First Dacian War (101–102 CE). The sculpture features a detailed depiction of the submission of the Dacians at the end of the war, which marked an important chapter in the broader narrative of the Roman Empire's territorial expansion. The engraving from Naqsh-e Rostam indicates a similar monument crafted to celebrate the Sasanian victory over the Romans at the Battle of Edessa in 260 CE.
The accounts of Roman interactions with other nations, including the Arab tribes and the Jewish people, demonstrate Rome's expansionist approach. Arab tribal chiefs were initially self-governed until the Roman Empire absorbed the northern regions of Arabia. Conversely, conflicts with the Jewish population triggered wars, highlighted by events such as the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
Rome's expansion also led to a series of social, economic, and political issues within its Republic, eventually causing political transformation and the transition to the Roman Empire. The Growth of Rome, its expansion in the second century BCE, and the resultant internal struggles are crucial contexts to understanding the history around the Column of Trajan and the depiction of the submission of the Dacians.
Learn more about Column of Trajan