Final answer:
Passive transport does not require energy and substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport requires energy and substances move against the concentration gradient.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major difference between passive and active transport is that passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy. In passive transport, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy. Examples of passive transport include diffusion and osmosis. In contrast, active transport involves the movement of substances against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, with the use of energy. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump.
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