Advances in science during the Industrial Revolution significantly contributed to longer life expectancy through several key developments:
1. Medical Discoveries : The discovery and use of vaccines, starting with Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine, greatly reduced mortality from infectious diseases.
2. Improved Sanitation : Scientific understanding of bacteria and disease transmission led to better sanitation practices. Clean water supply and waste disposal systems were developed, reducing the spread of diseases like cholera.
3. Industrial and Agricultural Innovation : Increased food production and preservation techniques improved nutrition, contributing to better overall health.
4. Public Health Measures: The development of public health as a science led to more effective measures in disease prevention and health promotion.
These advancements, collectively, played a crucial role in enhancing public health and extending life expectancy.