Final answer:
The United States uses the ancient Greek political concepts of citizenship and trial by jury in its governance and justice system. Citizenship allows individuals to participate in the democratic process, and trial by jury is a cornerstone of the American legal system. These concepts have been adapted from their ancient origins to suit the modern context of the U.S.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient Greek political concepts that the United States uses today are c) citizenship and e) trial by jury. These concepts have evolved over time and have been adapted to fit the modern context of American governance and jurisprudence. Citizenship in ancient Greece was a status afforded to free men who were able to participate in the decision-making processes within the city-state, much like how American citizenship allows individuals the right to vote and participate in democratic processes. The concept of trial by jury, where a group of citizens determines the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime, also has its roots in ancient Greece and is an essential aspect of the United States justice system.
In ancient Athens, the practice of direct democracy allowed citizens to vote directly on laws and policies, which is different from the representative democracy practiced in the United States, where citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy, as per the founding fathers' adaptation of the Roman example. Therefore, while the United States is greatly informed by ancient Greek political ideals, it has developed its own democratic systems that fit its unique historical context and values.