Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The six fundamental components of the "literacy diet" for early literacy and learning instruction, identified by Bear et al. (2020), are:
Oral language development: This component focuses on developing a child's vocabulary, syntax, and overall oral language proficiency. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include providing opportunities for children to engage in conversations, storytelling, and other language-rich activities.
Example: A teacher could organize a class discussion about a book the children have read, encouraging them to share their thoughts and ideas about the story.
Phonological awareness: This component involves developing an understanding of the sounds of language, including rhyming, blending, segmenting, and manipulating sounds. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include using songs, games, and other activities that emphasize sound awareness.
Example: A teacher could lead the class in a song that emphasizes rhyming words, encouraging the children to identify other words that rhyme.
Print awareness: This component focuses on developing an understanding of the conventions of print, including directionality, spacing, and punctuation. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include pointing out print in the environment and modeling how to read and write text.
Example: A teacher could read a book aloud to the class, pointing out the cover, title page, and other features of the book as she reads.
Alphabet knowledge: This component involves developing an understanding of the letters of the alphabet, including their names, sounds, and shapes. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include using letter manipulatives, singing the alphabet song, and engaging in alphabet-related games and activities.
Example: A teacher could provide magnetic letters for the children to use to spell words, encouraging them to identify the letters and their sounds.
Phonics: This component involves teaching the relationship between letters and sounds, and how these sounds can be combined to form words. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include using decodable texts, teaching sound-symbol correspondences, and providing opportunities for children to practice blending and segmenting sounds.
Example: A teacher could use a decodable book to teach children how to read words that follow a specific phonics pattern.
Reading fluency: This component involves developing the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with expression. Instructional practices that can strengthen this component include providing opportunities for repeated reading, modeling fluent reading, and teaching children to use punctuation and phrasing to guide their reading.
Example: A teacher could have children practice reading a short text several times, gradually increasing their speed and accuracy. They could also model fluent reading and teach the children to use punctuation to guide their expression.