Answer:
b. Their armies were short of war material due to insufficient industrialization.
Step-by-step explanation:
b. Their armies were short of war material due to insufficient industrialization.
Russia was relatively underdeveloped industrially compared to other major powers, such as Germany and Britain, which made it difficult for them to produce enough war material to adequately support their troops. This led to shortages of weapons, ammunition, and other supplies, which hampered the effectiveness of their armies on the battlefield.
The Russian military also faced other challenges during WWI, including poor leadership, outdated tactics, and internal political instability. However, it's important to note that the Russian army did have some successes during the war, including their initial advance into Austria-Hungary in 1914 and their victory over the Ottoman Empire in 1916.