Answer: Answer in explanation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an application sends a packet of information across the network, the packet typically undergoes the following process as it travels down the IP stack:
The application layer encapsulates the data in a packet or message, and adds header information such as the source and destination port numbers.
The transport layer receives the packet from the application layer, and adds header information such as the source and destination IP addresses, as well as the source and destination port numbers.
The network layer (or Internet layer) receives the packet from the transport layer, and adds header information such as the Time-to-Live (TTL) value and the protocol used (such as TCP or UDP).
The data link layer adds the source and destination MAC addresses to the packet, and encapsulates the packet in a frame for transmission over the physical network.
The packet is transmitted over the physical network, possibly passing through routers and other networking devices.
When the packet reaches its destination, it is received by the data link layer on that machine and the frame is removed, revealing the original packet.
The packet then goes through the same process in reverse order, with each layer stripping off the header information added by the corresponding layer on the sending machine.
This process is known as the OSI model, which stands for Open Systems Interconnection model. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that describes the communication process between different networked devices, and helps to standardize network protocols and technologies.