Answer:
Therefore, the structure that has the least effect on the ability of a virus to infect and replicate in a host cell is the envelope.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ribosomes are not part of the virus structure, but rather are present in host cells and are necessary for virus replication. Therefore, the answer would be between envelope and capsid.
While both envelope and capsid play important roles in virus attachment and entry into host cells, some viruses can infect and replicate in cells even if they lack an envelope. In contrast, capsid is an essential component of all viruses, as it protects the viral genetic material and facilitates its delivery into the host cell.
Therefore, the structure that has the least effect on the ability of a virus to infect and replicate in a host cell is the envelope.