Answer:
The Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) established a centralized government and a complex bureaucracy by implementing a number of political reforms.
One of the key reforms was the establishment of a merit-based civil service system. This system allowed people to rise to positions of power based on their abilities and knowledge, rather than their social status or family connections. In order to qualify for government positions, individuals had to pass a rigorous series of examinations based on Confucianism, which tested their knowledge of Chinese classics, history, and philosophy.
Another important reform was the implementation of a hierarchy of officials who reported to the emperor. The Han Dynasty established a system of three main levels of officials: district officials, prefectural officials, and imperial officials. Each level had specific responsibilities and was held accountable by higher-level officials.
In addition, the Han Dynasty created a system of taxation that helped to finance the government and its projects. The government collected taxes on goods and services, as well as on agriculture and other forms of production. These taxes were used to fund government projects, such as the building of roads, canals, and other infrastructure.
The Han Dynasty also created a centralized bureaucracy by establishing a system of administration that was responsible for overseeing different aspects of government. This included the creation of various ministries and departments, each of which was responsible for a specific area of government, such as agriculture, finance, and justice.
Overall, the Han Dynasty's reforms helped to create a centralized government and complex bureaucracy in China. These reforms allowed the government to be more efficient and effective in governing the vast territory of China, and they helped to establish a sense of order and stability that lasted for centuries.