Answer:
The turning point reflected in the map that took place in 1453 is option (2) - The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople.
Step-by-step explanation:
This was a significant event in world history because it marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, which had lasted for over a thousand years. The Ottoman Empire, under the leadership of Sultan Mehmed II, captured the city after a long siege and renamed it Istanbul, making it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. The fall of Constantinople had a major impact on the balance of power in Europe and the Middle East and was seen as a symbolic victory for the Islamic world.