Final answer:
The effect of Islamic rule in India included the destruction of Hindu temples and conversions to Islam, increased during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire periods, while religious diversity endured due to the tolerant policies of the Muslim rulers.
Step-by-step explanation:
An effect of Islamic rule in India included the destruction of Hindu temples by Muslim leadership, as well as the conversion of many Indians to Islam over time. These events occurred as various Islamic rulers established their rule in India, with notable examples being the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire.
Religious and cultural diversity, however, remained a characteristic feature of Indian society even during the periods of Islamic rule, as the tolerance by Muslim rulers for existing religions allowed Hinduism to continue to be practiced widely.
Converts to Islam in India included both those who chose conversion and those who did so under various pressures, contributing to the complex tapestry of Indian religious life.