Gender inequality in a relationship can significantly increase the vulnerability of women to HIV infection. Here are two ways how this can happen:
- Unequal power dynamics: In many cultures, women are often considered subordinate to men and are expected to be obedient and submissive in a relationship. This can result in unequal power dynamics where the male partner has more decision-making power and control over the relationship, including decisions about sexual activity. For example, a male partner may refuse to use condoms or may insist on having unprotected sex, even if the female partner wants to use protection. This puts the female partner at a higher risk of contracting HIV, especially if the male partner has other sexual partners.
- Economic dependence: Women may be economically dependent on their male partners, especially in societies where women have limited access to education and employment opportunities. In such situations, women may be forced to engage in transactional sex, where they exchange sex for money, shelter, or other resources. This increases their risk of HIV infection, especially if they have little control over the sexual encounters and are unable to negotiate condom use or refuse sex.