Answer
b) substitution reaction
Steps
Formation of HCI in Friedel-Crafts
The reaction is an example of a type
of reaction called electrophilic
aromatic substitution.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation is a chemical
reaction.
The reaction combines benzene and
chloromethane.
The reaction requires a catalyst called
anhydrous aluminum chloride.
The reaction produces a new
molecule called methylbenzene or
toluene.
Hydrogen chloride is released as a
byproduct.
A hydrogen atom in the benzene
molecule is replaced with a new
molecule, CH3+
The reaction of benzene with chloromethane in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst is known as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The reaction can be represented as:
C6H6 + CH3Cl → C6H5CH3 + HCl
In this reaction, the aluminum chloride acts as a Lewis acid catalyst and helps to activate the chloromethane, allowing it to react with the benzene. The product formed is methylbenzene (toluene) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) is also formed as a byproduct.
The HCl is generated as a result of the reaction between the AlCl3 and the chloromethane. The aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a strong Lewis acid and readily accepts the chloride ion from the chloromethane molecule to form AlCl4- ion, releasing H+ ion in the process:
AlCl3 + CH3Cl → AlCl4- + CH3+ + HCl
Therefore, the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride in the reaction mixture leads to the formation of hydrogen chloride as a byproduct.
The reaction between benzene and chloromethane in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, known as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. In this reaction, the electrophile (CH3+) generated by the reaction of chloromethane with AlCl3 attacks the electron-rich aromatic ring of benzene to form a substituted product (methylbenzene/toluene) while releasing HCl as a byproduct.
The above reaction is an example of a substitution reaction. Specifically, it is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, where the electrophilic species (CH3+) substitutes a hydrogen atom in the benzene ring, leading to the formation of methylbenzene (toluene) as the product. The hydrogen atom is released as hydrogen chloride (HCl) during the reaction.
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