Answer:
Fractional distillation
Step-by-step explanation:
The most suitable separation technique for a miscible solution of ethanol and water is distillation. Distillation is a separation technique used to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points by heating the mixture and then condensing the vapors that are produced.
In the case of a solution of ethanol and water, the boiling point of ethanol is lower than that of water, so when the solution is heated, the ethanol will vaporize first. The vapors are then condensed back into a liquid, which can be collected separately from the water.
There are two types of distillation: simple distillation and fractional distillation. Simple distillation is used when the liquids to be separated have a large difference in boiling points, while fractional distillation is used when the difference in boiling points is smaller. In the case of a solution of ethanol and water, fractional distillation is typically used since the difference in boiling points between the two liquids is not very large.
During fractional distillation, the mixture is heated and the vapors are allowed to rise up a column that contains a series of plates or packing material. As the vapors rise, they gradually cool and condense, and the components with lower boiling points (in this case, ethanol) condense at the top of the column, while the components with higher boiling points (water) condense lower down. The condensed liquids are then collected separately at different points in the column.