Final answer:
Serbia's attempts to create a Greater Serbia by consolidating Serb-inhabited areas in Bosnia & Herzegovina led to conflict, international resistance, and ethnic cleansing, leaving behind a fragmented and unstable Balkan region rather than a unified Serbian territory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The attempts by Serbia to consolidate Serb-inhabited areas within Bosnia & Herzegovina were a part of a larger nationalistic agenda to create a Greater Serbia. This process was met with international resistance and ultimately led to a series of conflicts and tensions in the Balkan Peninsula. These efforts by Slobodan Miloševik began in earnest after the death of Josip Broz Tito in 1980, when ethnic tensions increased and the breakdown of Communism in Europe led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Following Slovenia, Croatia, and Macedonia's declarations of independence in 1991, and Bosnia and Herzegovina's in 1992, only Serbia and Montenegro remained united. Serbia's aggressive policies led to ethnic cleansing and war, particularly marked by the conflict in Bosnia, where ethnic cleansing and attempted genocide against Bosnian Muslims and Croats were reported.
The nationalistic movements in this era were underpinned by the theory of pan-Slavic nationalism, aiming to unite all Slavic people, and fueled by the weakening Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary's interests in the region. Serbia, envisioning a role similar to that of Piedmont in Italian unification, sought to unite the Balkans under its rule. The end result of these conflicts, however, was not the expansion of Serbian territory as hoped, but rather a series of fragmented and war-torn states that emerged from the fallen Yugoslavia.